1 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION Specialized in the development and manufacturing of insulation, vegetated and soundproofing products and solutions for the roofing, building envelope and civil engineering fields worldwide, SOPREMA is pleased to present the environmental product declaration (EPD) of its self-adhered SBS-modified bitumen membrane. This EPD presents the results of the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the self-adhered SBS-modified bitumen membrane, encompassing the raw materials supply, manufacturing, transport, installation, use, and end-of-life stages (i.e., cradle to grave). The EPD was prepared by CT Consultant according to the prescribed product category rules (PCRs), ISO 14025:2006 and ISO 21930:2017, and verified by Marie Bellemare Consulting. For more information about SOPREMA, visit https://www.soprema.ca/en/ SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION
2 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 1| GENERAL INFORMATION Program operator ASTM International 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428 United States of America (USA) www.astm.org General program instructions ASTM International. General program instructions for environmental product declarations. https://www.astm.org/products-services/certification/environmental-product-declarations.html EPD recipient organization, ownership and liability SOPREMA 1688 Jean-Berchmans-Michaud Street Drummondville, Quebec Canada J2C8E9 www.soprema.ca/en EPD registration number EPD 969 Product SBS-modified bitumen membrane – Self-adhered installation Functional unit 100 m2 [1076.4 ft2] of installed SBS-modified bitumen membrane (base and cap sheets) including resurfacing and replacement for the 75-year estimated building service life. Reference product category rules (PCR) PCR Part A: UL Environment Building Related Products and Services. Life cycle assessment calculation rules and report requirements, v4.0. March 2022. Standard UL 10010. [1] PCR Part B: UL Environment Building Related Products and Services. Asphalt shingles, built-up asphalt membrane roofing and modified bituminous membrane roofing EPD requirements, v1.2. May 2021. Standard UL 10010-11. [2] Product reference service life 25 years Market of applicability North America Date of issue May 15, 2025 Period of validity May 2025 – May 2030 EPD type Product-specific Dataset variability Not applicable EPD scope Cradle to grave Reference period 2022 LCA software openLCA v2.02 [3] LCI database Ecoinvent v3.9.1, Cut-off by classification [4] LCIA method IPCC 2013 [5], TRACI 2.1 [6] and CML-baseline 4.7 [7] The sub-category PCR review was conducted by: Thomas Gloria, PhD Industrial Ecology 35 Bracebridge Road, Newton United States of America (USA) (617) 533-4929 t.gloria@industrial-ecology.com The life cycle assessment was independently verified in accordance with ISO 14044:2006 and the reference PCRs. This declaration was independently verified in accordance with ISO 14025:2006. The UL Environment “Part A: Life cycle assessment calculation rules and report requirements”, v4.0 (March 2022), in conformance with ISO 21930:2017, serves as the core PCR, with additional considerations from the USGBC/UL Environment Part A Enhancement (2017). ☐ INTERNAL ☒ EXTERNAL Marie Bellemare Consulting This life cycle assessment was conducted in accordance with ISO 14044:2006, ISO 14025:2006 and the reference PCR by: CT Consultant LIMITATIONS: EPDs from different programs may not be comparable (ISO 14025:2006 [8]). Comparison of the environmental performance using EPD information shall consider all relevant information modules over the full life cycle of the products within the building. The PCRs allows EPD comparability only when the same functional requirements between products are ensured and the requirements of ISO 21930:2017 [9] Section 5.5 are met. It should be noted that different LCA software and background LCI datasets may lead to different results for upstream or downstream of the life cycle stages declared.
3 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 2| PRESENTATION OF SOPREMA 2.1. Description of the company Founded in 1908 in Strasbourg, France, SOPREMA is a manufacturing company established in over 90 countries. SOPREMA specializes in the manufacturing of waterproofing, insulating, greening and soundproofing products for the building and civil engineering sectors. With the environment at the heart of its corporate values, SOPREMA innovates in the field of sustainable construction materials through its 17 research and development centres around the world. SOPREMA offers a growing range of products for the sustainable building sector, positioning the company as a leader in the field. 2.2. Manufacturing sites SOPREMA’s manufacturing plants dedicated to the self-adhered SBS-modified bitumen membrane sheets are located in Chilliwack (British Columbia, Canada), Drummondville (Quebec, Canada), Gulfport (Mississippi, United States), Wadsworth (Ohio, United States) and Woodstock (Ontario, Canada). 3| DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCTS 3.1. Summary description and applications The SBS-modified bitumen membranes manufactured by SOPREMA are trusted to protect against weather conditions, temperature extremes, impacts, and foot traffic. Moreover, they provide beauty, affordability and reliability. The membranes are used on low-slope roofs (with slopes less than 2:12). They are available in a wide range of thicknesses and mechanical properties, able to adapt to many roof design challenges. SBS-modified bitumen membranes are composed of two sheets (base and cap sheets) and can be installed in various application modes1. This EPD evaluates the self-adhered SBS-modified bitumen membrane manufactured by SOPREMA. This SBS-modified bitumen membrane is composed of a self-adhered base sheet (S) and a self-adhered cap sheet (S). These membrane sheets are made up of fibreglass and/or polyester reinforcing mats, SBS-modified bitumen, mineral stabilizers and surfacing materials. 1 For more information about the installation mode, please read Section 3.9.
4 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION Figure 1. Visual representation of the self-adhered SBS-modified bitumen membrane 3.2. Products covered SOPREMA’s SBS-modified bitumen membrane sheets range covered by this EPD is presented at Table 1. The membrane sheets are classified by installation order (base or cap sheet). Table 1: Membrane sheets range – self-adhered INSTALLATION MODE PRODUCT NAME BASE SHEET CAP SHEET S (SELF-ADHERED) COLVENT (all versions except TG) COLPHENE GR (all versions) ELASTOPHENE FLAM STICK ELASTOPHENE STICK GR (all versions) ELASTOPHENE STICK ELASTOPHENE ULTRA-STICK FR GR ELASTOPHENE ULTRA-STICK BASE RESISTO SA CAP (all versions) SA BASE SOPRALENE ULTRA-STICK FR GR SOPRAFLASH FLAM STICK (all versions) SOPRAPLY STICK TRAFFIC CAP SOPRAFLASH STICK (all versions) SOPRASTAR STICK GR SOPRALAP STICK STARTER STICK GR SOPRALENE FLAM STICK (all versions) SOPRALENE STICK (all versions) SOPRAPLY FLAM STICK (all versions) SOPRAPLY STICK (all versions)
5 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 3.3. Product average The average product is composed of two average sheets, whose composition is based on the weighted average of the sheets manufactured at SOPREMA’s plants. 3.4. Material composition The membrane is composed of a self-adhered cap sheet and a self-adhered base sheet. The sheets are made of a mat, reinforcing saturant, an asphaltic compound and surfacing materials. The mats are made of fibreglass, polyester or a combination of fibreglass and polyester (Table 2). The modified bitumen is made of a mixture of oxidized and non-oxidized bitumen, SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene), limestone and other fillers. The role of the SBS in the bitumen mixture is to improve the flexibility and durability of the membrane sheets. Surfacing materials are applied to protect the membrane sheets from UV radiation or as a parting material. Table 2: Material composition of the SBS-modified bitumen membrane sheets – self-adhered MATERIAL INPUT MATERIAL COMPOSITION Cap sheet S Base sheet S Mat Fibreglass mat 0.4% 2.1% Polyester mat 0.0% 0.6% Polyester + fibreglass combination mat 3.7% 2.3% Reinforcement saturant Bitumen (oxidized) 7.7% 11.1% Asphaltic compound 59.2% 78.8% Bitumen (non oxidized) Composition of asphaltic compound not disclosed for confidentiality purposes. Limestone filler SBS Plasticizing oil Tackifying resin Fire retardant Surfacing materials Granules 27.9% 0.0% Sand 0.4% 3.9% Quartz powder (for lay lines) 0.0% 0.1% Expandable graphite 0.0% 0.0% Plastic film 0.0% 0.1% Silicone-coated paper 0.6% 0.9% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0%
6 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 3.5. Technical specifications The membrane covered by this EPD belongs to the following CSI Masterformat codes included in the PCR Part B: “07 52 16 SBS-Modified Bituminous Roofing”. The membrane sheets meet these test standards (Table 3). Table 3: Standards met by SOPREMA’s SBS-modified bitumen membrane sheets 3.6. Product manufacturing Membrane base sheets: Manufacture of SBS-modified bitumen base sheets involves the saturation of a reinforcing mat, composed of fibreglass, non-woven polyester, or combination of both, and coating the mat with an SBS-modified asphalt. The SBS-modified asphalt is produced by mixing appropriate proportions of asphalt, SBS, and limestone or another suitable mineral stabilizer. Fine mineral matter is applied as a parting agent to the top surface of the base sheet and the bottom surface of the base sheet is covered by an opaque release film intended to be removed upon installation. The product is cooled, wound into rolls, and packaged for shipment (Figure 2). Membrane cap sheets: As with the base sheets, manufacture of SBS-modified bitumen cap sheets involves the saturation of a reinforcing mat composed of fibreglass, non-woven polyester, or a combination of both, and coating of the mat with an SBS-modified asphalt. The SBS-modified asphalt is produced by mixing appropriate proportions of asphalt, SBS, and limestone or other suitable mineral stabilizer. An appropriate surfacing material is applied. Membrane cap sheets typically use a colored mineral granule top surfacing. The bottom surface of the sheet is covered by an opaque release film intended to be removed upon installation. The product is cooled, wound into rolls, and packaged for shipment (Figure 2). Figure 2: Production steps of the SBS-modified bitumen sheets at SOPREMA’s manufacturing plants STANDARD NAME OF THE STANDARD ASTM D6162 Standard specification for SBS-modified bituminous sheet materials using a combination of polyester and glass fiber reinforcements ASTM D6163 Standard specification for SBS-modified bituminous sheet materials using glass fiber reinforcements ASTM D6164 Standard specification for SBS-modified bituminous sheet materials using polyester reinforcements CSA A123.23 Product specification for polymer-modified bitumen sheet, prefabricated and reinforced
7 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 3.7. Packaging The SBS-modified bitumen membrane sheets are wound into rolls with a cardboard core, packaged with plastic film, and placed on wood pallets for transport to the construction site. 3.8. Transport to the construction site The membrane sheets are deemed to be transported to the construction site by semi-trailer truck. 3.9. Product installation For this EPD, the self-adhered SBS-modified bitumen membrane consists in one self-adhered base sheet and one self-adhered cap sheet. Membrane installation requires primer to be applied onto the roof surface. The release film is removed from the bottom surface of the SBS-modified bitumen base sheet, which is then unrolled directly onto the primed surface and pressed into place. This same process is used to install the SBS-modified bitumen cap sheet on top of the base sheet. A weighted roller is used to put pressure on the sheets and enhance adhesion. There are no specific noise reduction measures during installation. 3.10. Reference service life and use stage The reference service life (RSL) of the SBS-modified membrane is deemed to be 25 years. The estimated service life (ESL) of the building on which the membrane is installed is set to 75 years [2]. Thus, the SBS-modified membrane undergoes two ‘replacement’ steps over the ESL: • Step 1 – Membrane resurfacing after 25 years. This process consists in the installation of a new cap sheet on top of the existing membrane (base sheet and cap sheet) that remains in place. This new cap sheet is installed using the self-adhered installation mode. • Step 2 – Membrane replacement after 50 years. This process consists in the removal of the membrane (base sheet and cap sheet) plus the cap sheet added after 25 years and the installation of a new base and cap sheets using the self-adhered installation mode. The membrane resurfacing and replacement steps include the manufacturing and transport of the new base and cap sheets and associated packaging, auxiliary materials and waste treatment. The membrane replacement also includes the use of a gasoline roof ripper to remove the base and cap sheets. No other maintenance, refurbishment or repair operations occur during the service life of the membrane. . 3.11. End of life When the building in which the membrane is installed reaches its end of life, it is assumed that it is demolished without any sorting or recycling of materials. The membrane will be incorporated into the rest of the demolition waste and sent to a landfill site.
8 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 4| METHODOLOGY USED FOR THE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 4.1. Functional unit The functional unit (FU) defined according to the PCR Part B [2] and the associated quantity of membrane required to fulfill the functional unit are presented in Table 4. This includes membrane overlap, installation losses and auxiliary materials, but excludes packaging. Table 4: Functional unit and associated mass of SBS-modified bitumen membrane FUNCTIONAL UNIT 100 m2 [1076.4 ft2] of installed SBS-modified bitumen membrane (base and cap sheets) including resurfacing and replacement for the 75-year estimated building service life. MEMBRANE TYPE Unit Initial membrane Resurfacing after 25 years Replacement after 50 years Total after 75 years Cap sheet + base sheet Cap sheet added over the initial membrane Cap sheet + base sheet S/S kg 943.69 565.28 943.69 2452.66 4.2. System boundary The cradle-to-grave LCA includes the following life cycle stages and modules (ISO 21930:2017 [9]): ● Production (A1 - A3) ● Construction (A4 - A5) ● Use (B1 - B7) ● End of life (C1 - C4) As SOPREMA declared a 100% landfill scenario and because the product isn’t destined to be recycled, module D (regarding benefits associated with recycling) is considered to be zero and thus excluded from the LCA (Table 5, Figure 3).
9 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION Table 5: Life cycle stages and modules included and excluded from the LCA PRODUCTION STAGE (A1 - A3) CONSTRUCTION STAGE (A4 - A5) USE STAGE (B1 - B7) END-OF-LIFE STAGE (C1 - C4) BEYOND THE SYSTEM BOUNDARY Production of raw materials Transport of raw materials Manufacturing of base and cap sheets Transport to the construction site Installation Use Maintenance Repair Replacement Refurbishment Energy use Water use Deconstruction / Demolition Transport to waste treatment site Waste treatment Disposal Benefits associated with reuse/recycling/energy recovery A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ME Legend X: Module included ME: Module excluded
10 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION Figure 3: System boundary - SBS-modified bitumen membrane – self-adhered
11 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 4.3. Reference period The reference period is the calendar year 2022 (from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022). 4.4. Assumptions Carrying out an LCA involves making assumptions when data is incomplete or missing. The following assumptions were applied with respect to the present LCA: ● Production of non-oxidized bitumen and SBS (A1). In the absence of appropriate secondary data to model the non-oxidized bitumen and the SBS in Ecoinvent v3.9.1, these materials were modelled from the Asphalt Institute’s LCA report [10]. ● Production of oxidized bitumen (A1). Oxidized bitumen is bitumen that has been subjected to a controlled reaction with air or oxygen at elevated temperatures to improve thermal and aging properties [11]. Since no oxidized bitumen production process was available, the oxidized bitumen production is modelled as non-oxidized bitumen. ● Packaging end of life (A5). Based on the PCR Part A [1], the plastic packaging is assumed to be 78% recycled and 22% landfilled, and the other product packaging (wood pallets, cardboard) to be 20% recycled and 80% landfilled at the end of their life (mass ratio). 4.5. Cut-off criteria As defined in ISO 21930:2017 [9], all input and output processes whose mass and/or energy flow account for more than 1% of the total mass and/or cumulative energy of the SBS-modified bitumen membrane were included. Also in line with the standard, at least 95% of all mass and energy flows were included. The packaging of raw materials is excluded, as this flow represents less than 1% of the mass of inputs and does not represent a significant environmental impact. The production and maintenance of equipment and infrastructure, administration activities, transport of employees and removal of debris from the roof drains during use were not included. No known mass or energy flows were deliberately excluded from this EPD. 4.6. Allocation When a process in the life cycle of a product generates several outputs (multifunctional processes) or is linked to another system (life cycle of a product outside the boundary of the system studied), the environmental impact of the process must be allocated to the different products, co-products and systems. The allocation methods considered for this study are: ● Allocation for end-of-life processes. The “cut-off” approach was chosen in accordance with ISO 21930:2017 [9]. This approach specifies that the impacts associated with secondary materials entering the system are attributable to the system that generated them, and the benefits associated with recycling materials leaving the system are not included. In this study, the only impacts associated with the recycled polyester are those of its processing and transport to the manufacturing plant. Using the same principle, no environmental benefits associated with the part of packaging materials sent for recycling (cardboard, plastic film, wood pallet) were accounted for. ● Allocation for multi-functional processes. There are no multifunctional processes involved in the life cycle of the membrane. ● Allocation approach for Ecoinvent datasets. The Ecoinvent datasets used the “Allocation, cut-off by classification” allocation approach, which attributes the impacts of secondary materials entering the system to those that generated them, and excludes the benefits associated with recycling materials. This is in line with the cut-off rule specified in ISO 21930:2017.
12 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 4.7. Data sources and quality Table 6: Inventory data sources for SBS-modified bitumen membrane DATA TYPE SOURCE Foreground data Primary foreground data was provided by SOPREMA regarding: ● measured data regarding the raw materials and transport; ● measured data regarding the manufacturing of the sheets and their packaging; ● data based on realistic scenarios supported by technical information regarding the auxiliary materials and losses during the installation of the membrane; ● data based on realistic scenarios regarding the membrane resurfacing and replacement during the estimated building service life. Foreground data Secondary foreground data regarding the transport distance of the sheets to the construction site and of the removed membrane to the waste treatment site at its end of life was obtained from the PCR Part B [2]. Background data The background data was obtained from the following sources: ● technical reports (LCA of the bitumen and SBS [10][12]); ● Ecoinvent database v3.9.1 [4], a transparent and internationally recognized life cycle inventory database. Table 7: Qualitative assessment of inventory data quality CRITERION EVALUATION Temporal representativeness The primary foreground data supplied by SOPREMA is representative of the reference period (year 2022). The secondary foreground data comes from the PCR Part B (2021) and technical reports issued in 2019 and 2023. As for the Ecoinvent database, the 3.9.1 version (2022) is based on version 3.0, which has been released annually since 2013. It should be noted that some of the data in version 3.0 comes from earlier versions (1991-2012). The foreground and background data are considered to have a high temporal representativeness. Geographical representativeness The primary foreground data related to the life cycle stages of the membrane represents the specific context of SOPREMA. The data based on realistic assumptions regarding the installation and the use of the membrane are supported by technical information from SOPREMA. The secondary foreground data is based on the PCR Part B (North American context). The background data used to model the bitumen and SBS is based on a report from the Asphalt Institute and is representative of the North American context. The electricity used at the manufacturing plant is representative of the regional grid mix. The background datasets were selected according to geographical representativeness. The foreground and background data are considered to have a high geographical representativeness.
13 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION CRITERION EVALUATION Technological representativeness The primary foreground data relating to the manufacturing of the membrane are based on material fact sheets and measurements carried out by SOPREMA. The primary foreground data regarding the other life cycle stages are based on realistic scenarios. In the absence of suitable data in the Ecoinvent database, the bitumen and SBS was based on the Asphalt Institute’s LCA report. The oxidized bitumen is modelled as non-oxidized bitumen. The background datasets were chosen according to technological representativeness. The foreground and background data are considered to have a satisfactory technological representativeness. Precision The primary foreground data relating to the production of the membrane are based on measurements carried out by SOPREMA. The primary foreground data regarding the installation and use of the membrane are based on realistic scenarios supported by technical information. The secondary foreground data used for the scenarios for the product transport to the construction site and the waste transport were retrieved from the PCR Part B. The level of precision for the primary and secondary data is considered satisfactory. Completeness All processes whose mass and energy are above the cut-off criteria (1%) were included in the LCA in accordance with the PCR Part A. No known flows were deliberately excluded. The study is considered to have a satisfactory level of completeness. Consistency For all methodological aspects (e.g., assumptions, allocation methodology, impact assessment method, data sources and modelling approaches), maximum consistency was aimed for. The only lack of methodological consistency observed, although justified by the absence of suitable data in the Ecoinvent database, is that surrounding the use of data from the Asphalt Institute’s LCA which is based on the GaBi database. The study is considered to have a sufficient level of consistency. Reproducibility Information on the methodology, main assumptions and data sources is provided in the LCA report. The reproducibility level is considered to be high. Reliability The primary foreground data relating to the production of the membrane are based on measurements carried out by SOPREMA. The primary foreground data regarding the installation and use of the membrane are based on realistic scenarios supported by technical information. The secondary foreground data used for the scenarios for the product transport to the construction site and the waste transport were retrieved from the PCR Part B. The level of reliability for the primary and secondary data is considered high.
14 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 4.8. Scenarios used beyond the manufacturing stage 4.8.1 Transport to the construction site (A4) Table 8: Scenarios for the transport of SBS-modified bitumen membrane from the manufacturing plant to the construction site – self-adhered PARAMETER VALUE / SPECIFICATION UNIT Fuel type Diesel - Liters of fuel1 35 L/100km Vehicle type Semi-trailer truck with a load capacity of 32 tons or more - Transport distance2 800 km Capacity utilization3 Unknown - Gross density of products transported4 886.50 kg/100 m2 Weight of products transported (if gross density not reported) - kg Volume of products transported (if gross density not reported) - m3 Capacity utilization volume factor (factor: =1 or <1 or ≥1 for compressed or nested products) 1 - 1 Fuel consumption is calculated considering the average mass transported per vehicle type according to Ecoinvent v3.9.1. 2 Generic data from Table 3 of the PCR Part B [2]. 3 Information about the truck’s capacity utilization is not available. The information provided in the Ecoinvent v3.9.1 database concerns the total mass of the truck and its contents and not the maximum mass that the vehicle can contain, thus it is not possible to determine the capacity utilization. 4 The unit of gross density is changed from kg/m3 to kg/100 m2 based on the functional unit due to calculation constraints. This value includes packaging and membrane overlap, but excludes installation losses and auxiliary materials.
15 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 4.8.2 Installation (A5) Table 9: Scenario for the installation of SBS-modified bitumen membrane – self-adhered PARAMETER WEIGHT OF MATERIAL (kg/100 m2) EFFECTIVE COVERAGE (m2 of material/ m2 of roof) SCRAP RATE REQUIRED QUANTITY per 100 m2 of roof (effective coverage, scrap included) UNIT SBS-modified bitumen sheets Cap sheet S 459.00 1.13 5% 547.10 kg Base sheet S 302.22 1.13 5% 360.22 kg Ancillary materials Primer - - 1% 36.36 kg Resources Diesel (crane) - - 0% 458.30 MJ Waste and emissions VOC emissions - - - - kg Direct emissions to ambient air, soil and water - - - 18.30 kg Waste - Product loss - - - 45.37 kg Waste - Ancillary materials - - - 0.36 kg Waste - Cardboard packaging - - - 4.49 kg Waste - Wood packaging - - - 18.70 kg Waste - Plastic packaging - - - 7.75 kg Waste - Paper packaging - - - 0.01 kg Output materials resulting from on-site waste processing (recycling, energy recovery and disposal) - - - - kg
16 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 4.8.3 Use (B1-B7) Table 10: Scenarios for the use of SBS-modified bitumen membrane – self-adhered PARAMETER VALUE UNIT Estimated building service life 75 Years Reference service life (product) 25 Years Replacement cycle 2 (ESL/RSL) - 1 Membrane resurfacing after 25 years (B4.1) Energy input - Diesel for crane 229.15 MJ Ancillary material - Primer 18.18 kg New cap sheet added 547.10 kg VOC emissions - kg Direct emissions to ambient air, soil and water 9.15 kg Membrane replacement after 50 years (B4.2) Energy inputs Diesel for crane 458.30 MJ Gasoline for the roofing ripper 37.05 MJ Ancillary material Primer 36.36 kg New base sheet added 360.22 kg New cap sheet added 547.10 kg VOC emissions - kg Direct emissions to ambient air, soil and water - kg
17 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION Table 11: Reference service life and use conditions of the SBS-modified bitumen membrane – self-adhered PARAMETER VALUE / SPECIFICATION UNIT Reference service life 25 years Declared product properties Waterproofing of building roofing - Design application parameters and an assumed quality of work, when installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions Design and installation according to SOPREMA’s instructions. - Outdoor environment The SBS-modified bitumen membrane is subject to weathering, exposed to rainwater, hail, snow, wind and solar radiation. - Indoor environment Not applicable - Use conditions Regular maintenance, including removing debris from the roof drains is recommended - Replacement ● After 25 years, membrane resurfacing (installation of a new cap sheet on top of the membrane) is required; ● After 50 years, membrane replacement (removal of the base sheet and cap sheets, removal of the resurfacing cap sheet and installation of new base and cap sheets) is required. - 4.8.4 End of life (C1-C4) Table 12: Scenarios for the end of life of SBS-modified bitumen membrane – self-adhered PARAMETER VALUE / SPECIFICATION UNIT Assumptions for scenario development When the building in which the membrane is installed reaches its end of life, it is assumed that it is demolished without any sorting or recycling of materials. Therefore, the membrane will be incorporated into the rest of the demolition waste and sent to a landfill site. - Transport distance1 161 km Vehicle type Truck with a load capacity between 16 and 32 tons - Collection process - Mixed construction waste2 943.69 kg Elimination - Landfill2 943.69 kg Recovery - kg 1 Generic data from Table 3 of the PCR Part B [2]. 2 This value includes membrane overlap, installation losses and auxiliary materials, but excludes packaging.
18 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 5| ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND INVENTORY RESULTS 5.1. Environmental life cycle impacts The environmental life cycle impacts are reported for the functional unit, i.e. "100 m2 [1076.4 ft2] of installed SBS-modified bitumen membrane (base and cap sheets) including resurfacing and replacement for the 75-year estimated building service life" (Table 13). These were calculated for the impact category Climate change – GWP 100 from the IPCC 2013 impact assessment method [5], four impact categories (Acidification, Eutrophication, Smog formation and Ozone depletion) from the TRACI 2.1 impact assessment method [6], and the impact category Abiotic resource depletion (fossil fuels) from the CML impact assessment method [7]. The results for the self-adhered SBS-modified bitumen membrane (S/S) are reported for each declared life cycle module [9]. The term "potential" means that the impact scores do not represent actual measured impacts but are the results of theoretical modelling using an impact assessment method. For simplicity, the term «potential» will not be used in the explanatory text in the rest of the EPD. It should be noted that the life cycle impact assessment results are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceeding of thresholds, safety margins or risks. These six impact categories are globally deemed mature enough to be included in Type III environmental declarations. Other categories are being developed and defined and LCA should continue making advances in their development. However, EPD users should not use additional measures for comparative purposes [1]. Table 13: Environmental life cycle impacts – 100 m2 of SBS-modified bitumen membrane – self-adhered IMPACT CATEGORY UNIT TOTAL PRODUCTION STAGE CONSTRUCTION STAGE USE STAGE END-OF-LIFE STAGE A1-A3 A4-A5 B1-B7 C1-C4 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1-B3 B4 B5-B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 Global warming potential kg CO2 eq 2.88E+3 7.12E+2 4.57E+1 5.47E+1 7.42E+1 1.81E+2 0.00E+0 1.75E+3 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 2.77E+1 0.00E+0 2.75E+1 Acidification of soil and water sources potential kg SO2 eq 1.02E+1 2.26E+0 3.14E-1 1.04E-1 2.91E-1 8.38E-1 0.00E+0 6.20E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 1.09E-1 0.00E+0 6.92E-2 Eutrophication potential kg N eq 1.16E+0 2.46E-1 2.24E-2 2.22E-2 2.71E-2 1.07E-1 0.00E+0 7.05E-1 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 1.01E-2 0.00E+0 1.59E-2 Smog formation potential kg O3 eq 2.47E+2 4.00E+1 7.68E+0 1.75E+0 7.34E+0 3.61E+1 0.00E+0 1.50E+2 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 2.75E+0 0.00E+0 1.75E+0 Ozone depletion potential kg CFC-11 eq 9.11E-4 3.19E-4 7.94E-7 7.76E-7 1.34E-6 1.93E-5 0.00E+0 5.69E-4 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 4.81E-7 0.00E+0 2.74E-7 Abiotic resource depletion potential of non-renewable (fossil) energy resources MJ (LHV) 3.27E+4 7.12E+3 6.26E+2 7.73E+2 1.07E+3 2.57E+3 0.00E+0 1.99E+4 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 3.87E+2 0.00E+0 2.25E+2
19 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 5.2. Life cycle inventory categories The life cycle inventory categories comprise use of resources as well as waste and output flows. For the sake of simplicity, inventory categories related to biogenic carbon are not presented as the membrane contains no biogenic carbon and the biogenic carbon contained in the packaging is below the cut-off criteria. Furthermore, inventory categories associated with emissions from combustion of waste and from calcination, as well as removals from carbonation are not presented as the system contains no incinerated materials, calcination or carbonation processes. 5.2.1 Use of resources Table 14: Resource use inventory categories – 100 m2 of SBS-modified bitumen membrane – self-adhered INVENTORY CATEGORY UNIT TOTAL PRODUCTION STAGE CONSTRUCTION STAGE USE STAGE END-OF-LIFE STAGE A1-A3 A4-A5 B1-B7 C1-C4 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1-B3 B4 B5-B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 Renewable primary resources used as energy carrier (fuel)1 MJ (LHV) 1.82E+3 3.52E+2 9.88E+0 2.88E+2 1.38E+1 6.18E+1 0.00E+0 1.09E+3 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 4.99E+0 0.00E+0 4.00E+0 Renewable primary resources with energy content used as material2 MJ (LHV) 2.45E+2 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 9.64E+1 0.00E+0 4.29E+0 0.00E+0 1.44E+2 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 Total use of renewable primary resources MJ (LHV) 2.07E+3 3.52E+2 9.88E+0 3.85E+2 1.38E+1 6.61E+1 0.00E+0 1.23E+3 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 4.99E+0 0.00E+0 4.00E+0 Non-renewable primary resources used as an energy carrier (fuel)3 MJ (LHV) 4.87E+4 1.35E+4 6.36E+2 7.97E+2 1.09E+3 2.43E+3 0.00E+0 2.96E+4 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 3.92E+2 0.00E+0 2.30E+2 Non-renewable primary resources with energy content used as material2 MJ (LHV) 5.39E+4 1.90E+4 0.00E+0 5.49E+1 0.00E+0 2.13E+3 0.00E+0 3.27E+4 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 Total use of non-renewable primary resources MJ (LHV) 1.03E+5 3.25E+4 6.36E+2 8.52E+2 1.09E+3 4.56E+3 0.00E+0 6.23E+4 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 3.92E+2 0.00E+0 2.30E+2 Renewable secondary fuels MJ (LHV) 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 Non-renewable secondary fuels MJ (LHV) 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 Secondary materials kg 1.79E+1 6.30E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 3.15E-1 0.00E+0 1.13E+1 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 Recovered energy4 MJ (LHV) 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 Use of net freshwater resources5 m3 2.30E+3 7.37E+2 9.23E-2 1.87E+0 1.55E-1 1.62E+2 0.00E+0 1.40E+3 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 4.95E-2 0.00E+0 2.33E-1 1 Category meeting the requirements of ISO 21930:2017 and the PCR. The results of this indicator were calculated using the "Renewable, biomass", "Renewable, water" and "Renewable, wind, solar, geothermal" from the Cumulative Energy Demand (LHV) method [7] following the "ACLCA Guidance to Calculating Non-LCIA Inventory Metrics in Accordance with ISO 21930:2017" [13]. 2 Categories meeting the requirements of ISO 21930:2017. The results of these inventory categories were calculated with the CED LHV method following the "ACLCA Guidance to Calculating Non-LCIA Inventory Metrics in Accordance with ISO 21930:2017" [13]. 3 Category meeting the requirements of ISO 21930:2017 and the PCR. The results of this indicator were calculated using the "Non renewable, fossil", "Non renewable, biomass" and "Non renewable, nuclear" indicators from the Cumulative Energy Demand (LHV) method [7]. 4 There is no energy recovered from disposal of waste in previous systems. 5 Category meeting the requirements of ISO 21930:2017 and the PCR. The results of this indicator were calculated using the "Water consumption" indicator from the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) impact assessment method [7].
20 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 5.2.2 Waste and output flows Table 15: Waste and output flows inventory categories – 100 m2 of SBS-modified bitumen membrane – self-adhered INVENTORY CATEGORY UNIT TOTAL PRODUCTION STAGE CONSTRUCTION STAGE USE STAGE END-OF-LIFE STAGE A1-A3 A4-A5 B1-B7 C1-C4 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1-B3 B4 B5-B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 Hazardous waste disposed1,2 kg 1.50E+2 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 8.95E-1 0.00E+0 1.27E+0 0.00E+0 9.05E+1 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 5.75E+1 Non-hazardous waste disposed1,2 kg 2.61E+3 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 5.89E+1 0.00E+0 6.54E+1 0.00E+0 1.61E+3 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 8.73E+2 Intermediate- and low-level radioactive waste2,3 m3 4.07E-6 7.54E-7 4.51E-8 5.33E-7 6.72E-8 1.52E-7 0.00E+0 2.48E-6 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 2.23E-8 0.00E+0 2.07E-8 High-level radioactive waste2,3 m3 1.78E-6 1.50E-7 8.50E-9 4.91E-7 1.28E-8 4.81E-8 0.00E+0 1.06E-6 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 4.34E-9 0.00E+0 3.81E-9 Components for re-use4 kg 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 Materials for recycling kg 1.48E+1 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 5.67E+0 0.00E+0 9.14E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 Materials for energy recovery4 kg 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 Exported energy4 MJ (LHV) 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 1 The results of these indicators were calculated according to the "ACLCA Guidance to Calculating Non-LCIA Inventory Metrics in Accordance with ISO 21930:2017" [13] using foreground data provided by the manufacturer. 2 The life cycle inventory data used to generate waste indicators for LCAs and EPDs currently have significant limitations. The waste indicators were calculated following the requirements of ISO 21930:2017 [9] but these results represent rough estimates and are for informational purposes only. 3 The results of these indicators were calculated according to the "ACLCA Guidance to Calculating Non-LCIA Inventory Metrics in Accordance with ISO 21930:2017" [13] using background inventory data. It is important to note that the foreground data in this LCA does not include radioactive waste, i.e. the SBS-modified bitumen membrane manufacturing process does not directly generate radioactive waste. According to ISO 21930:2017, radioactive waste, when generated for electricity production, consists mainly of spent fuel from reactors (high-level radioactive waste) and routine maintenance and operation of the facilities (low- and medium-level radioactive waste). 4 The SBS-modified bitumen membrane is considered to be landfilled without energy generation, so these inventory categories are zero.
21 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 5.3. Interpretation of life cycle impacts The life cycle impacts are interpreted by means of a contribution analysis. The purpose of the contribution analysis is to determine the share of impacts associated with the different life cycle modules in order to identify the main contributors. Table 16: Share of impacts associated with life cycle modules – 100 m2 of SBS-modified bitumen membrane – self-adhered IMPACT CATEGORY UNIT TOTAL PRODUCTION STAGE CONSTRUCTION STAGE USE STAGE END-OF-LIFE STAGE A1-A3 A4-A5 B1-B7 C1-C4 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1-B3 B4 B5-B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 Global warming potential kg CO2 eq 100.0% 24.8% 1.6% 1.9% 2.6% 6.3% 0.0% 60.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% 1.0% Acidification of soil and water sources potential kg SO2 eq 100.0% 22.2% 3.1% 1.0% 2.9% 8.2% 0.0% 60.8% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 0.0% 0.7% Eutrophication potential kg N eq 100.0% 21.3% 1.9% 1.9% 2.3% 9.3% 0.0% 61.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 1.4% Smog formation potential kg O3 eq 100.0% 16.2% 3.1% 0.7% 3.0% 14.6% 0.0% 60.6% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 0.0% 0.7% Ozone depletion potential kg CFC-11 eq 100.0% 35.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 2.1% 0.0% 62.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% Abiotic resource depletion potential of non-renewable (fossil) energy resources MJ (LHV) 100.0% 21.8% 1.9% 2.4% 3.3% 7.9% 0.0% 60.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1.2% 0.0% 0.7% The environmental impacts of the membrane under study are dominated by the life cycle module B - Use, representing between 60.6% and 62.4% % of the total impacts for all categories. This module represents the highest contributor because it includes the membrane resurfacing at 25 years (production, transport and installation of a new cap sheet) and membrane replacement at 50 years (end of life of the base and cap sheets plus the resurfacing cap sheet and production, transport and installation of a new base and cap sheets). Indeed, these processes together represent approximately 1.5 times the impacts of the rest of the life cycle (A1-A5 + C2-C4), as they involve the production, transport, installation and end of life of one base sheet and two cap sheets. Module A1 - Production of raw materials is the second highest contributor (between 16.2% and 35.0% of the total impacts for all categories).
22 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 6| ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION 6.1. Regulated hazardous substances The primer for the installation of the self-adhered membrane sheets is classified as hazardous according to the safety data sheet [14]. It is a mixture comprising the following components: naphtha hydrotreated light (CAS No. 64742-49-0), acetone (CAS No. 67-64-1), butanone (CAS No. 78-93-3), toluene (CAS No. 108-88-3) and 4-methylpentan-2-one (CAS No. 108-10-1). Furthermore, the primer for the self-adhered membrane sheets is subject to the following standards/regulations in the United States (ACGIH TLV, NIOSH REL, OSHA PEL, OSHA PEL Z2) and Canada (regulations by province: Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan). For complete details on composition and applicable regulations, please refer to the safety data sheet [14]. There are no other regulated hazardous substances associated with the self-adhered membrane. 6.2. Health and environmental quality during product manufacturing and installation The self-adhered SBS-modified bitumen membrane sheets require a primer that contains hazardous substances. Adequate personal protection equipment shall be worn during manufacturing, packaging and installation of the self-adhered base sheet according to the safety data sheets. 6.3. Environmental certifications and activities The plants in which the SBS-modified bitumen roofing membranes are manufactured comply with these standards (Table 17): ● ISO 9001:2015 - Quality management systems [15]; ● ISO 45001:2018 - Occupational health and safety management systems [16]; ● ISO 14001:2015 - Environmental management systems [17]. Table 17: Applicable management systems standards for SOPREMA’s manufacturing plants The certificates of these standards can be found at: https://www.soprema.ca/en/documentation/document/search?q=__empty__&type=Plants%20Certifications 6.4. Delayed emissions and unexpected adverse events No delayed emissions are expected from the SBS-modified bitumen roofing membrane. There are no unexpected adverse effects from the combustion, water damage or mechanical alteration of the product. MANUFACTURING PLANT STANDARD ISO 9001:2015 ISO 45001:2018 ISO 14001:2015 Drummondville (Quebec, Canada) ✔ ✔ ✔ Chilliwack (British Columbia, Canada) ✔ ✔ ✔ Woodstock (Ontario, Canada) - - - Gulfport (Mississippi, United States) ✔ ✔ - Wadsworth (Ohio, United States) ✔ ✔ ✔
23 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 6.5. Sustainable roofing Some stakeholders of the building industry have promoted sustainable roofing by focusing on green roofs and reflective roofs only. Roof design for sustainability entails more than membrane selection. It means incorporating materials and details that extend the service life of the roof system beyond its currently accepted service life expectancy and provide future rehabilitation options to minimize consumption of new resources and delay demolition. Design for sustainable recovery from premature failure must be part of the original concept. It has to be realistically expected that a portion of a roof will eventually fail at some point for some reason. Sustainable recovery minimizes damage impact, reduces material waste and consumption of new materials. It also facilitates repair and renews roof performance. SBS-modified bitumen membranes allow for resurfacing and replacement at the end of their service life. Once the waterproof integrity of the membrane in place has been verified, or minor repairs to it have been performed if needed, the addition of an SBS-modified cap sheet to the system can be done easily. That is not to say that “cool roof” principles should be overlooked. Mitigation of urban heat islands should guide the design and specification of roof assemblies, as should energy conservation, durability, resiliency, raw materials consumption and waste reduction. There are reflective roof options available for virtually any roof and any building. Because of their longevity, SBS-modified bitumen membranes provide excellent value for building owners. They provide options for varying levels of reflectivity and have proven to retain high reflectivity levels over their service life (according to the Cool Roof Rating Council, www.coolroofs.org). 6.6. Further information Additional information can be found at: www.soprema.ca/en
24 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 7| IMPACT AND INVENTORY INDICATORS DEFINITIONS Table 18: Impact categories, definitions and units used in the study IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHOD IMPACT CATEGORY DEFINITION UNIT IPCC 2013 Global warming potential This indicator measures the impact of an increase in global average temperature caused by greenhouse gas emissions on the world's climate. The main greenhouse gases are CO2, CH4, and N2O [5]. kg CO2 eq TRACI 2.1 Acidification of soil and water sources potential This indicator measures the impact of an increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in soil or water environments caused by emissions of acidifying substances (for example, sulfuric acid) [6]. kg SO2 eq TRACI 2.1 Eutrophication potential This indicator measures the consequences of an enrichment of water by nutrients (nitrates and phosphates), thus increasing the growth of algae that deteriorate the aquatic ecosystem [6]. kg N eq TRACI 2.1 Smog formation potential This indicator measures the formation of smog (ground-level ozone (O3)), which is a pollutant that impacts the respiratory system. Smog is produced by the exposure of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to solar radiation [6]. kg O3 eq TRACI 2.1 Ozone depletion potential This indicator measures the impact of the depletion of the ozone layer, which protects living organisms from solar radiation. Ozone depletion is mainly caused by chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and halon emissions [6]. kg CFC-11 eq CML Abiotic resource depletion potential of non-renewable (fossil) energy resources This indicator measures the depletion of abiotic (fossil) energy resources and represents the excess energy required to extract these resources in the future [7]. MJ (LHV) Table 19: Inventory categories, definitions and units used in the study [1] INDICATOR CATEGORY DEFINITION UNIT Renewable primary energy used as energy carrier/material Use of renewable primary energy as a source of energy (hydroelectric, solar, wind) or as a material (wood, paper). MJ (LHV) Non-renewable primary energy used as energy carrier/material Use of non-renewable primary energy (peat, oil, gas, coal) as a source of energy or as a material (plastics). MJ (LHV) Hazardous, non-hazardous and radioactive disposed waste Generation of hazardous (solvents, engine oil, acids), non-hazardous (concrete, plastic, glass) or radioactive (radioactive fuels, products contaminated by radioactive substances) disposed waste. kg, m³ Use of freshwater resources Freshwater that is consumed, i.e., by evaporation (cooling towers), evapotranspiration, freshwater embedded in the product or drainage of water into the ocean. m³ Removals and emissions of biogenic carbon Biogenic carbon input (removal during biomass formation) and output (emissions) related to the product and packaging. kg CO2
25 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 8| ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND CHEMICAL FORMULAE CFC Chlorofluorocarbon CFC-11 Trichlorofluoromethane CH4 Methane CO2 Carbon dioxide EPD Environmental product declaration eq Equivalent LCA Life cycle assessment LHV Lower heating value N Nitrogen NOx Nitrogen oxides O3 Ozone PCR Product category rules SO2 Sulphur dioxide VOCs Volatile organic compounds 9| GLOSSARY ● Cut-off threshold. Criteria for excluding inputs and outputs based on their contribution (%) to the total mass and energy. If this contribution is lower than a certain threshold (cut-off), these flows can be ignored [9]. ● Ecoinvent. Life cycle inventory database for materials, chemicals, power generation systems, transport and waste treatment processes [4]. ● Environmental impact. Any negative or beneficial modification of the environment, resulting wholly or in part from environmental aspects [18] that is to say elements of the activities, products or services of an organization that can interact with the environment [19]. ● Environmental product declaration (EPD). Environmental declaration providing quantified environmental data for a product using predetermined parameters based on the ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006 standards related to life cycle assessment [19,20] as well as the ISO 14025:2006 standard related to type III environmental declarations [8]. ● Functional unit (FU). Quantified performance of a product system intended to be used as a reference unit in a life cycle assessment [19]. ● Life cycle assessment (LCA). Compilation and evaluation of the inputs and outputs (inventory) as well as the assessment of potential environmental impacts of a product during its life cycle [19]. ● Product category rules (PCR). A set of specific rules, requirements and guidelines for the development of EPDs [9].
26 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 10| REFERENCES [1] UL Environment (2022) Product category rules for building-related products and services. Part A: Life cycle assessment calculation rules and report requirements. Standard UL 10010. Version 4.0. Available at: https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=ULE10010_6_S_20220328 [2] UL Environment (2021) Product category rules for building-related products and services. Part B: Asphalt shingles, built-up asphalt membrane roofing and modified bituminous membrane roofing EPD requirements. Standard UL 10010-11. Version 1.2. Available at: https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=ULE10010-11_3_S_20210524 [3] GreenDelta (2024) OpenLCA 2.0.2. Available at: https://www.openlca.org/ [4] Wernet, G., Bauer, C., Steubing, B., Reinhard, J., Moreno-Ruiz, E. and Weidema, B. (2016) The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 21, 1218–1230. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11367-016-1087-8 [5] IPPC and WG2 (2013) IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability [6] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2012) Tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts (TRACI) TRACI version 2.1 - User’s guide. Available at: https://nepis.epa.gov/Adobe/PDF/P100HN53.pdf [7] Hischier, R., Weidema, B., Althaus, H.-J., Bauer, C., Doka, G., Dones, R., Frischknecht, R., Hellweg, S., Humbert, S., Jungbluth, N., Köllner, T., Loerincik, Y., Margni, M. and Nemecek, T. (2010) Implementation of life cycle impact assessment methods data v2.2 (2010). ecoinvent Report No. 3 176. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263239305_Implementation_of_Life_Cycle_Impact_Assessment_Methods_ecoinvent_report_No_3_v22 [8] International organization for standardization (2006) ISO 14025:2006 Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedures [9] International organization for standardization (2017) ISO 21930:2017 Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works - core rules for environmental product declarations of construction products and services [10] Asphalt Institute (2019) Life cycle assessment of asphalt binder. Available at: https://www.asphaltinstitute.org/engineering/sustainability/life-cycle-assessment-of-asphalt-binder/ [11] Petro-Acc (2023) What is oxidized bitumen. Available at: https://www.petroacc.com/what-is-oxidized-bitumen [12] Vertima (Unknown year) Extract from the report : Life cycle assessment of SOPREMA’s air barriers [13] Flanagan, B. and Steckel, D. (2019) ACLCA guidance to calculating non-LCIA inventory metrics in accordance with ISO 21930:2017. Available at: https://aclca.org/wp-content/uploads/ISO-21930-Final.pdf [14] SOPREMA ELASTOCOL STICK safety data sheet. Available at: https://my.assets-library.com/m/3cebeac713cd703d/original/SDS-ELASTOCOL-STICK.pdf [15] International organization for standardization (2015) ISO 9001:2015 Quality management systems - requirements [16] International organization for standardization (2018) ISO 45001:2018 Occupational health and safety management systems - Requirements with guidance for use
27 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION [17] International organization for standardization (2015) ISO 14001:2015 Environmental management systems - Requirements with guidance for use [18] International organization for standardization (2010) ISO 21931-1 Sustainability in building construction - framework for methods of assessment of the environmental performance of construction works - part 1: buildings [19] International organization for standardization (2006) ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework [20] International organization for standardization (2006) ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines
28 EPD – SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE – SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION 1688 Jean-Berchmans-Michaud Street, Drummondville, Quebec, Canada J2C8E9 https://www.soprema.ca/en EPD FOR SBS-MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANE - SELF-ADHERED INSTALLATION
